Antibody production
Antibody production Market 2020 by Product Type (Lymphocytes, Monoclonal antibody, Polyclonal antibody), by Process type (Upstream processing, Downstream processing, Filtration) Forecast to 2025
Report ID: BMRC 2826 | Number of pages: 198 | Publish Date: May 2020 | Category: Lifesciences and HealthcareAntibody production market is valued at USD 9.43 Billion in 2018 and expected to reach USD 22.46 Billion by 2025 with the CAGR of 13.2% over the forecast period.
Increasing prevalence of chronic diseases such as cancer, rheumatic heart disease, and arthritis which require antibodies treatment to cure with extensive research and development for new antibodies as well as increase in expenditure of the pharmaceutical and biotechnological company’s for better immunotherapy are some important factors driving the growth of Antibody production market.
Antibodies are host proteins that can be produced by the immune system in response to foreign molecules that has been entered into the body. These foreign molecules are known as antigens & immunoglobulin. Antibodies are made up of B-lymphocytes which circulate throughout the blood & lymph become bind to their specific antigen, which enable to be cleared from circulation. Antibody production is the formation of the protective protein for immune system in response to the presence of a foreign substance, called an antigen. Hence to eliminate the invader, the immune system recalls on a number of mechanisms using important antibody production. A wide variety of substances are considered as antigens, including disease-causing organisms and toxic materials such as insect venom. When an foreign particle molecules on the surface of the antigen differ from those found in the body. Recently study shows that human monoclonal antibodies are highly target-specific which uses phage display that is laboratory technique utilized for studying protein-ligand interactions against emerging viruses that can effectively neutralize Covid-19 corona virus and help to avoid infections enters into the body as well as protect against future infections.
Antibody Production Companies
Eli Lilly and Company GeneTex Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. Merck KGaA Sigma-Aldrich Corporation Pall Corporation Abcam PLC Eppendorf AG Cellab GmbH FiberCell Systems Inc.The global antibody production market is segmented on the basis of product type, process type, end-user, region and country level. On the basis of product type, the antibody production market is classifies as Lymphocytes, Monoclonal Antibody and Polyclonal Antibody. On the basis of process type, the global antibody production market is divided into Upstream Processing, Downstream Processing, and Filtration. On the basis of end-user, the global antibody production market is segmented into pharmaceutical & biotechnology companies, diagnostic laboratories, research institutes and others.
The regions covered in global antibody production market report are North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of the World. On the basis of country level, Global Antibody production market sub divided in U.S., Mexico, Canada, U.K., France, Germany, Italy, China, Japan, India, South East Asia, GCC, Africa, etc.
Global Antibody production market dynamics –
The key factor for growth of global antibody production market is increasing prevalence of chronic diseases such as cancer, rheumatic heart disease, and arthritis which require antibodies treatment to cure with extensive research and development for new antibodies as well as increase in expenditure of the pharmaceutical and biotechnological company’s for better immunotherapy. The antibody production is driven by the most of the pharmaceutical industry. According to the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations (IFPMA) in 2015, the research-based pharmaceutical industry was valued around USD 149.8 billion globally on pharmaceutical research & development including the production of antibodies. According to the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations, global pharmaceutical market was valued to around USD 1,430 billion by 2020 which includes drugs for various diseases like cancer, diabetes using suitable monoclonal antibodies. The antibody production was mainly for treatment of chronic ailments like cancer, diabetes etc. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 2018, around 17 million new cancer cases occur worldwide. However one of the major factors that restrict the antibody production market is high cost require for the development of primary antibodies. Moreover rising technological advancement like hybridoma technology, phage display technology, single B-cell amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and many other modified methods for the development of new antibodies may create huge opportunity to fuel the global antibody production market during the forecast period.
Antibody production Market Regional Analysis –
North America is expected to dominate the growth antibody production market with the potential rate due to rising prevalence of chronic diseases like cancers, diabetes, etc. in this region due to sedative life style and presence of leading pharmaceutical and biotechnological companies with advanced technology followed by Europe. According to IFPMA in the United States, Research & Development investments of pharmaceutical companies has been consistently growing with significant rate up to 17% where as intensity of the research based pharmaceutical industry in European Union and Japan accounts at the rate of 13.3% . As per IFPMA report the United States global pharmaceutical expenditure was valued USD 461.7 billion in 2016 and is expected to reach USD 645-675 billion in 2021, whereas the European region spending in 2016 was estimated from USD 151.8 billion to USD 170-200 billion by 2021 in the pharmaceutical market. This rise in the investment gives opportunity for the antibody production market for producing new drugs through extensive research and development in the pharmaceutical industry.
The Asia Pacific and the Middle East is expected to emerge as the fastest-growing regional market owing to rapidly increasing patient pool of chronic diseases like diabetes, cancer, and growing need to cure with the help of suitable antibody production due to presence of huge population and rising sedative lifestyle.
Global Antibody production market reports cover prominent players like Eli Lilly and Company, GeneTex, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., , Merck KGaA, Sigma-Aldrich Corporation, Pall Corporation, ,Abcam PLC, Eppendorf AG, Cellab GmbH, and FiberCell Systems Inc., and many others.
Key Benefits for Antibody production market reports –
Global antibody production market report covers in depth historical and forecast analysis.
Global Antibody production Market research report provides detail information about Market Introduction, Market Summary, Global market Revenue (Revenue USD), Market Drivers, Market Restraints, Market opportunities, Competitive Analysis, Regional and Country Level.
Global antibody production market report helps to identify opportunities in market place.
Global antibody production market report covers extensive analysis of emerging trends and competitive landscape.
Antibody production Market Segmentation –
by Product Type:- Lymphocytes, Monoclonal antibody, Polyclonal antibody
by Process type- Upstream processing, Downstream processing, Filtration
by End-user type- Pharmaceutical & biotechnology companies, Diagnostic laboratories, Research institutes, Others
Regional & Country Analysis
North America, U.S., Mexico, Canada , Europe, UK, France, Germany, Italy , Asia Pacific, China, Japan, India, Southeast Asia, South America, Brazil, Argentina, Columbia, The Middle East and Africa, GCC, Africa, Rest of Middle East and Africa
Table of Content 1 Study Coverage 1.1 Antibody production Product 1.2 Key Market Segments in This Study 1.3 Key Manufacturers Covered 1.4 Market by Type 1.5 Market by Application 1.6 Study Objectives 1.7 Years Considered 2 Executive Summary 2.1 Global Antibody production Market Size 2.1.1 Global Antibody production Revenue 2014-2025 2.1.2 Global Antibody production Production 2014-2025 2.2 Antibody production Growth Rate (CAGR) 2020-2025 2.3 Analysis of Competitive Landscape 2.3.1 Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio 2.3.2 Key Antibody production Manufacturers 2.3.2.1 Antibody production Manufacturing Base Distribution, Headquarters 2.3.2.2 Manufacturers Antibody production Product Offered 2.3.2.3 Date of Manufacturers Enter into Antibody production Market 2.4 Key Trends for Antibody production Markets & Products 3 Market Size by Manufacturers 3.1 Antibody production Production by Manufacturers 3.1.1 Antibody production Production by Manufacturers 3.1.2 Antibody production Production Market Share by Manufacturers 3.2 Antibody production Revenue by Manufacturers 3.2.1 Antibody production Revenue by Manufacturers (2014-2020) 3.2.2 Antibody production Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2014-2020) 3.3 Antibody production Price by Manufacturers 3.4 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans 4 Antibody production Production by Regions 4.1 Global Antibody production Production by Regions 4.1.1 Global Antibody production Production Market Share by Regions 4.1.2 Global Antibody production Revenue Market Share by Regions 4.2 North America 4.2.1 North America Antibody production Production 4.2.2 North America Antibody production Revenue 4.2.3 Key Players in North America 4.2.4 North America Antibody production Import & Export 4.3 Europe 4.3.1 Europe Antibody production Production 4.3.2 Europe Antibody production Revenue 4.3.3 Key Players in Europe 4.3.4 Europe Antibody production Import & Export 4.4 China 4.4.1 China Antibody production Production 4.4.2 China Antibody production Revenue 4.4.3 Key Players in China 4.4.4 China Antibody production Import & Export 4.5 Japan 4.5.1 Japan Antibody production Production 4.5.2 Japan Antibody production Revenue 4.5.3 Key Players in Japan 4.5.4 Japan Antibody production Import & Export 5 Antibody production Consumption by Regions 5.1 Global Antibody production Consumption by Regions 5.1.1 Global Antibody production Consumption by Regions 5.1.2 Global Antibody production Consumption Market Share by Regions 5.2 North America 5.2.1 North America Antibody production Consumption by Application 5.2.2 North America Antibody production Consumption by Countries 5.2.3 United States 5.2.4 Canada 5.2.5 Mexico 5.3 Europe 5.3.1 Europe Antibody production Consumption by Application 5.3.2 Europe Antibody production Consumption by Countries 5.3.3 Germany 5.3.4 France 5.3.5 UK 5.3.6 Italy 5.3.7 Russia 5.4 Asia Pacific 5.4.1 Asia Pacific Antibody production Consumption by Application 5.4.2 Asia Pacific Antibody production Consumption by Regions 5.4.3 China 5.4.4 Japan 5.4.5 South Korea 5.4.6 India 5.4.7 Australia 5.4.8 Indonesia 5.4.9 Thailand 5.4.10 Malaysia 5.4.11 Philippines 5.4.12 Vietnam 5.5 Central & South America 5.5.1 Central & South America Antibody production Consumption by Application 5.5.2 Central & South America Antibody production Consumption by Country 5.5.3 Brazil 5.6 Middle East and Africa 5.6.1 Middle East and Africa Antibody production Consumption by Application 5.6.2 Middle East and Africa Antibody production Consumption by Countries 5.6.3 Turkey 5.6.4 GCC Countries 5.6.5 Egypt 5.6.6 South Africa 6 Market Size by Type 6.1 Global Antibody production Production by Type 6.2 Global Antibody production Revenue by Type 6.3 Antibody production Price by Type 7 Market Size by Application 7.1 Overview 7.2 Global Antibody production Breakdown Dada by Application 7.2.1 Global Antibody production Consumption by Application 7.2.2 Global Antibody production Consumption Market Share by Application (2014-2020) 8 Manufacturers Profiles 9 Production Forecasts 9.1 Antibody production Production and Revenue Forecast 9.1.1 Global Antibody production Production Forecast 2020-2025 9.1.2 Global Antibody production Revenue Forecast 2020-2025 9.2 Antibody production Production and Revenue Forecast by Regions 9.2.1 Global Antibody production Revenue Forecast by Regions 9.2.2 Global Antibody production Production Forecast by Regions 9.3 Antibody production Key Producers Forecast 9.3.1 North America 9.3.2 Europe 9.3.3 China 9.3.4 Japan 9.4 Forecast by Type 9.4.1 Global Antibody production Production Forecast by Type 9.4.2 Global Antibody production Revenue Forecast by Type 10 Consumption Forecast 10.1 Antibody production Consumption Forecast by Application 10.2 Antibody production Consumption Forecast by Regions 10.3 North America Market Consumption Forecast 10.3.1 North America Antibody production Consumption Forecast by Regions 2020-2025 10.3.2 United States 10.3.3 Canada 10.3.4 Mexico 10.4 Europe Market Consumption Forecast 10.4.1 Europe Antibody production Consumption Forecast by Regions 2020-2025 10.4.2 Germany 10.4.3 France 10.4.4 UK 10.4.5 Italy 10.4.6 Russia 10.5 Asia Pacific Market Consumption Forecast 10.5.1 Asia Pacific Antibody production Consumption Forecast by Regions 2020-2025 10.5.2 China 10.5.3 Japan 10.5.4 South Korea 10.5.5 India 10.5.6 Australia 10.5.7 Indonesia 10.5.8 Thailand 10.5.9 Malaysia 10.5.10 Philippines 10.5.11 Vietnam 10.6 Central & South America Market Consumption Forecast 10.6.1 Central & South America Antibody production Consumption Forecast by Regions 2020-2025 10.6.2 Brazil 10.7 Middle East and Africa Market Consumption Forecast 10.7.1 Middle East and Africa Antibody production Consumption Forecast by Regions 2020-2025 10.7.2 Turkey 10.7.3 GCC Countries 10.7.4 Egypt 10.7.5 South Africa 11 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis 11.1 Value Chain Analysis 11.2 Sales Channels Analysis 11.2.1 Antibody production Sales Channels 11.2.2 Antibody production Distributors 11.3 Antibody production Customers 12 Market Opportunities & Challenges, Risks and Influences Factors Analysis 12.1 Market Opportunities and Drivers 12.2 Market Challenges 12.3 Market Risks/Restraints 12.4 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis 13 Key Findings in the Global Antibody production Study 14 Appendix 14.1 Research Methodology 14.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach 14.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design 14.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation 14.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation 14.1.2 Data Source 14.1.2.1 Secondary Sources 14.1.2.2 Primary Sources 14.2 Author Details 14.3 Disclaimer List of Tables and Figures Figure Antibody production Product Picture Table Antibody production Key Market Segments in This Study Table Key Manufacturers Antibody production Covered in This Study Table Global Antibody production Market Size Growth Rate by Type 2020-2025 & (Million US$) Figure Global Antibody production Production Market Share by Type in 2018 & 2025 Figure Fixed Antibody production Product Picture Table Major Manufacturers of Fixed Antibody production Figure Antibody production Product Picture Table Major Manufacturers of Portable Antibody production Table Global Antibody production Market Size Growth Rate by Application 2020-2025 Figure Global Antibody production Consumption Market Share by Application in 2018 & 2025 Figure Antibody production Report Years Considered Figure Global Antibody production Revenue 2014-2025 (Million US$) Figure Global Antibody production Production 2014-2025 Table Global Antibody production Market Size Growth Rate by Regions 2020-2025 & (Million US$) Table Global Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio Table Antibody production Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters Table Manufacturers Antibody production Product Offered Table Date of Manufacturers Enter into Antibody production Market Table Global Antibody production Production by Manufacturers (2014-2020) Table Global Antibody production Production Share by Manufacturers (2014-2020) Figure Global Antibody production Production Share by Manufacturers in 2018 Table Antibody production Revenue by Manufacturers (2014-2020) (Million US$) Table Antibody production Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2014-2020) Table Antibody production Price by Manufacturers 2014-2020 Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans Table Global Antibody production Production by Regions 2014-2020 Table Global Antibody production Production Market Share by Regions 2014-2020 Figure Global Antibody production Production Market Share by Regions 2014-2020 Figure Global Antibody production Production Market Share by Regions in 2018 Table Global Antibody production Revenue by Regions 2014-2020 (Million US$) Table Global Antibody production Revenue Market Share by Regions 2014-2020 Figure Global Antibody production Revenue Market Share by Regions 2014-2020 Figure Global Antibody production Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2018 Figure North America Antibody production Production and Growth Rate 2014-2020 Figure North America Antibody production Revenue and Growth Rate 2014-2020 (Million US$) Table North America Antibody production Import & Export Figure Europe Antibody production Production and Growth Rate 2014-2020 Figure Europe Antibody production Revenue and Growth Rate 2014-2020 (Million US$) Table Europe Antibody production Import & Export Figure China Antibody production Production and Growth Rate 2014-2020 Figure China Antibody production Revenue and Growth Rate 2014-2020 (Million US$) Table China Antibody production Import & Export Figure Japan Antibody production Production and Growth Rate 2014-2020 Figure Japan Antibody production Revenue and Growth Rate 2014-2020 (Million US$) Table Japan Antibody production Import & Export Table Global Antibody production Consumption by Regions 2014-2020 Table Global Antibody production Consumption Market Share by Regions 2014-2020 Figure Global Antibody production Consumption Market Share by Regions 2014-2020 Figure Global Antibody production Consumption Market Share by Regions in 2018 Figure North America Antibody production Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2020) Table North America Antibody production Consumption by Application (2014-2020) Figure 2018 North America Antibody production Consumption Market Share by Application Table North America Antibody production Consumption by Countries (2014-2020) Figure 2018 North America Antibody production Consumption Market Share by Countries Figure United States Antibody production Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2020) Figure Canada Antibody production Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2020) Figure Mexico Antibody production Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2020) Figure Europe Antibody production Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2020) Table Europe Antibody production Consumption by Application (2014-2020) Figure 2018 Europe Antibody production Consumption Market Share by Application Table Europe Antibody production Consumption by Countries (2014-2020) Figure 2018 Europe Antibody production Consumption Market Share by Countries Figure Germany Antibody production Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2020) Figure France Antibody production Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2020) Figure UK Antibody production Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2020) Figure Italy Antibody production Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2020) Figure Russia Antibody production Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2020) Figure Asia Pacific Antibody production Consumption and Growth Rate Table Asia Pacific Antibody production Consumption by Application (2014-2020) Table Asia Pacific Antibody production Consumption Market Share by Application (2014-2020) Table Asia Pacific Antibody production Consumption by Regions (2014-2020) Table Asia Pacific Antibody production Consumption Market Share by Countries (2014-2020) Figure China Antibody production Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2020) Figure Japan Antibody production Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2020) Figure South Korea Antibody production Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2020) Figure India Antibody production Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2020) Figure Australia Antibody production Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2020) Figure Indonesia Antibody production Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2020) Figure Thailand Antibody production Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2020) Figure Malaysia Antibody production Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2020) Figure Philippines Antibody production Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2020) Figure Vietnam Antibody production Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2020) Figure Central & South America Antibody production Consumption and Growth Rate Table Central & South America Antibody production Consumption by Application (2014-2020) Figure 2018 Central & South America Antibody production Consumption Market Share by Application Table Central & South America Antibody production Consumption by Countries (2014-2020) Figure Central & South America Antibody production Consumption Market Share by Countries Figure Brazil Antibody production Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2020) Figure Middle East and Africa Antibody production Consumption and Growth Rate Table Middle East and Africa Antibody production Consumption by Application (2014-2020) Figure 2018 Middle East and Africa Antibody production Consumption Market Share by Application Table Middle East and Africa Antibody production Consumption by Countries (2014-2020) Figure Middle East and Africa Antibody production Consumption Market Share by Countries Figure Turkey Antibody production Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2020) Figure GCC Countries Antibody production Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2020) Figure Egypt Antibody production Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2020) Figure South Africa Antibody production Consumption and Growth Rate (2014-2020) Table Global Antibody production Production by Type (2014-2020) Table Global Antibody production Production Share by Type (2014-2020) Figure Global Antibody production Production Market Share by Type (2014-2020) Figure Global Antibody production Production Market Share by Type in 2018 Table Global Antibody production Revenue by Type (2014-2020) (Million US$) Table Global Antibody production Revenue Share by Type (2014-2020) Figure Global Antibody production Revenue Market Share by Type (2014-2020) Figure Global Antibody production Revenue Market Share by Type in 2018 Table Antibody production Price by Type 2014-2020 Table Global Antibody production Consumption by Application (2014-2020) Table Global Antibody production Consumption by Application (2014-2020) Table Global Antibody production Consumption Share by Application (2014-2020) Figure Global Antibody production Consumption Market Share by Application (2014-2020) Figure Global Antibody production Production Forecast 2020-2025 Figure Global Antibody production Revenue Forecast 2020-2025 (Million US$) Table Global Antibody production Revenue Forecast 2020-2025 (Million US$) Table Global Antibody production Revenue Forecast by Regions 2020-2025 (Million US$) Figure Global Antibody production Revenue Forecast by Regions 2020-2025 (Million US$) Figure Global Antibody production Revenue Market Share Forecast by Regions 2020-2025 Table Global Antibody production Production Forecast by Regions 2020-2025 Figure Global Antibody production Production Forecast by Regions 2020-2025 Figure Global Antibody production Production Market Share Forecast by Regions 2020-2025 Figure North America Antibody production Production Forecast 2020-2025 Figure North America Antibody production Revenue Forecast 2020-2025 (Million US$) Figure Europe Antibody production Production Forecast 2020-2025 Figure Europe Antibody production Revenue Forecast 2020-2025 (Million US$) Figure China Antibody production Production Forecast 2020-2025 Figure China Antibody production Revenue Forecast 2020-2025 (Million US$) Figure Japan Antibody production Production Forecast 2020-2025 Figure Japan Antibody production Revenue Forecast 2020-2025 (Million US$) Table Global Antibody production Production Forecast by Type 2020-2025 Figure Global Antibody production Production Forecast by Type 2020-2025 Figure Global Antibody production Production Market Share Forecast by Type 2020-2025 Table Global Antibody production Revenue Forecast by Type 2020-2025 (Million US$) Figure Global Antibody production Revenue Forecast by Type 2020-2025 (Million US$) Figure Global Antibody production Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type 2020-2025 Table Global Antibody production Consumption Forecast by Application 2020-2025 Figure Global Antibody production Consumption Forecast by Application 2020-2025 Figure Global Antibody production Consumption Market Share Forecast by Application 2020-2025 Table Global Antibody production Consumption Forecast by Regions 2020-2025 Figure Global Antibody production Consumption Forecast by Regions 2020-2025 Figure Global Antibody production Consumption Market Share Forecast by Regions 2020-2025 Table North America Antibody production Consumption Forecast by Regions 2020-2025 Figure North America Antibody production Consumption Forecast 2020-2025 Figure United States Antibody production Consumption Forecast 2020-2025 Figure Canada Antibody production Consumption Forecast 2020-2025 Figure Mexico Antibody production Consumption Forecast 2020-2025 Table Europe Antibody production Consumption Forecast by Regions 2020-2025 Figure Europe Antibody production Consumption Forecast 2020-2025 Figure Germany Antibody production Consumption Forecast 2020-2025 Figure France Antibody production Consumption Forecast 2020-2025 Figure UK Antibody production Consumption Forecast 2020-2025 Figure Italy Antibody production Consumption Forecast 2020-2025 Figure Russia Antibody production Consumption Forecast 2020-2025 Table Asia Pacific Antibody production Consumption Forecast by Regions 2020-2025 Figure Asia Pacific Antibody production Consumption Forecast 2020-2025 Figure China Antibody production Consumption Forecast 2020-2025 Figure Japan Antibody production Consumption Forecast 2020-2025 Figure South Korea Antibody production Consumption Forecast 2020-2025 Figure India Antibody production Consumption Forecast 2020-2025 Figure Australia Antibody production Consumption Forecast 2020-2025 Figure Indonesia Antibody production Consumption Forecast 2020-2025 Figure Thailand Antibody production Consumption Forecast 2020-2025 Figure Malaysia Antibody production Consumption Forecast 2020-2025 Figure Philippines Antibody production Consumption Forecast 2020-2025 Figure Vietnam Antibody production Consumption Forecast 2020-2025 Table Central & South America Antibody production Consumption Forecast by Regions 2020-2025 Figure Central & South America Antibody production Consumption Forecast 2020-2025 Figure Brazil Antibody production Consumption Forecast 2020-2025 Table Middle East and Africa Antibody production Consumption Forecast by Regions 2020-2025 Figure Middle East and Africa Antibody production Consumption Forecast 2020-2025 Figure Turkey Antibody production Consumption Forecast 2020-2025 Figure GCC Countries Antibody production Consumption Forecast 2020-2025 Figure Egypt Antibody production Consumption Forecast 2020-2025 Figure South Africa Antibody production Consumption Forecast 2020-2025 Figure Antibody production Value Chain Table Antibody production Distributors List Table Antibody production Customers List Table Research Programs/Design for This Report Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report Figure Data Triangulation Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources